Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Conference of Oromo Society of Science and Technology
Oromo Culture Center, Finfinne, Ethiopia
August 24 – 25th, 2018
About OSST
Oromo Society of Science and Technology (OSST) is a non-political, non-governmental and non-profit professionals’ association that has been established with a primary aim of promoting, enhancing and disseminating science and technology advancements and contributing to the scientific and technological needs of the Oromo people. It facilitates sharing of science and technology information and ideas pertaining to the professional interest of its members, the Oromo people and the scientific society at large.
Vision and Mission
- Vision
- Thrust Oromos and Oromia to the forefront in the development and application of science and technology before the end of the 21st
- Mission
- Popularize and spark inspiration for science and technology amongst the Oromo people specifically among the youth and the aspirants in the field
- Make Afaan Oromo the preferred language for this purpose
- Bring science and technology knowledge and practice to the highest standards
- Major Objectives
- Facilitate networking of Oromo Science and Technology professionals in Oromia and abroad to share knowledge and experiences
- Collaborate with other international Science and Technology societies
- Develop and support Science and Technology related projects that can support the economic development of the Oromo society
- Support education in the Science and Technology areas (support the design and development of different levels of curriculum and courses for both undergraduate/ graduate studies and for practitioners)
- Organize conferences, seminars and workshops to discuss different topics to facilitate the dissemination of new research results and find practical ways of making it useful for the Oromo society
- Encourage young professionals to pursue advanced level education and facilitate scholarships for MSc and PhD studies
- Help the growth of entrepreneurial culture among Oromo Science and Technology graduates and practitioners
- Organize and deliver modern health education and health care services in rural areas in collaboration with local communities and organizations
- Organize different levels of publications (Scientific journals, Brochures, Books etc.)
Editorial Board
- Girma Gebresenbet (Prof.)
- Muluneh Oli (Ph.D)
- Desta Milkessa (Ph.D)
- Abel Desaleng (MSc.)
- Kuma Gowwomsa (MSc.)
Contents
Science, Technology and Innovation:Dynamics behind Sustainable Development 6
Potential opportunities and challenges in Concentrated Solar Power 8
Hydrogen Production from Crude Glycerol Via Steam Reforming over Bimetallic Catalysts 9
Indigenous Knowledge and Appropriate Technology Based Small and Medium Industries Development 12
Vibration Levels and Frequencies on Vehicle and AnimalsDuring Transport 13
Sustainable Development of Natural Resources: The Window to rapid economic development in Oromia 14
Reaction of Ethiopia Ionosphere to Sun based Movement and Geomagnetic Storm... 16
Constructed Wetland Technology for the Treatment of Municipal Wastewater of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 17
The TulamaNotion of Sacredness (ulfaa/oo) Roles in Nature Conservation. 19
Application of Biotechnology in Waste Water Control: The case of Oromia region. 20
Ethiopian Highland Malaria and Climate: Experiences in Methodology and Research Translation 21
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant potential of Anchote. 32
Soil Nutrient status in relation to Enset/Warqe production in Shoa and Southern regions 33
Towards Innovation Systems Approach to Science and Technology Policy in Ethiopia 33
Postharvest Handling Practices, Safety and Quality of Fish and Milk in Ethiopia. 34
International Logistics costs, the case of Djibouti – Addis Ababa corridor 36
Food Traceability Concepts and Its Potential Role in Developing Agricultural Sector of Oromia 38
Objective of the Conference
The objective of the conference is to bring together Oromo Science and Technology professionals of various disciplines to present, discuss and exchange views on how to accelerate and disseminate science and advanced technologies in Oromia. It is also intended to identify the synergy between the indigenous knowledge and modern technologies and develop methods to integrate both to achieve significant social- economic impact.
Topics of the Conference
All subject areas of Science and Technology will be covered by the conference with particular attention to:
- Energy
- Technology and innovation (including ICT, Engineering and Appropriate Technologies)
- Environment and natural resources
- Agriculture and food science
- Health
- Indigenous knowledge and inter-disciplinary
- Supply chain, Logistics and Transport
Organizing Committee
- Prof Girma Gebresenbet +46704245032;
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. - Hundessa Dessaleg +251 913059941;
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. - Tadesse Kenea +251 944741664;
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. - Dr Bikila Teklu +251 911226700;
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. - Eng RoberaDhaba +251 912053531;
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. - Mrs Meseret Dhaba +251 911911727;
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. - Mr Fekede Terefe +251 911456129;
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. - Eng Kuma Gowwomsa +251(0)933677931;
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. - Woyesa Ararsa +251912102473;
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Science, Technology and Innovation: Dynamics behind Sustainable Development
Girma Gebresenbet, PhD, Professor
Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Science and technologies are the key drivers to development, and technological and scientific revolutions underpin economic advances, improvements in health systems, education and infrastructure. The technological revolutions of the 21st century are emerging from entirely new sectors, based on microprocessors, telecommunications, biotechnology and nano-technology. Through implementation of scientific findings and modern technologies in agriculture, health services and education, these technologies have the power to better the lives of poor people in developing countries and thus in Oromia.
The current paper briefly describes the basic concepts of science and technologies and their relations with technological, social and economic development as a whole.
The paper gives an account on the challenges related to resource depletion, food security, energy consumptions and the role of science and technology and human resource in development ameliorate these constraints. The impact of Information Communication Technology (ICT) on the promotion of effective and effective food chain activities including supply and marketing has been explored. It finally discusses application implementation of appropriate technologies and the specific challenges in Oromia and role of Oromian scientists in the implementation development.
Modeling of Hybrid Solar Energy Technology and Central Unit Biogas Plant Integrating to Residential Buildings
Dejene Kebede, PhD Candidate at Addis Ababa University, Oromia, Ethiopia
In this paper, hybrid solar energy technologies integrate in to buildings for each residents and central unit biogas plant for the common buildings close together can be modeled. Integrating hybrid solar and central unit biogas to building enhances sustainable development, reduces co emission and reduces grid power consumption to zero energy level. It also encourages users and the government looks for the green technologies in our country. Solar energy generates power for light and some DC power appliances whereas the central unit biogas generates gas for heating while cooking can be carried out. The central unit biogas production takes raw materials from human wastes like wastes from human body and wastes from kitchen as well as the Solar PV panel converts solar radiation in to DC power. In this paper, 10 residential buildings close together, each folks have average of 7 families according to Ethiopian statistical agencies, can be taken for modeling of amount energy requires, sizing of PV module and central unit biogas plant. The integration of the solar energy and the central unit biogas distribution can be shown by software modeling. In addition, the economic analysis can be performed. Residents use these technologies at the same time in the time need.
Potential opportunities and challenges in Concentrated Solar Power
Degefa, Darge Adenew
Concentrated solar power (also called concentrating solar power, concentrated solar thermal, and CSP) systems generate solar power by using mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or solar thermal energy, onto a small area.
CSP had a world's total installed capacity of 4,815 MW in 2016, up from 354 MW in 2005. As of 2017, Spain accounted for almost half of the world's capacity, at 2,300 MW, making this country the world leader in CSP. United States follows with 1,740 MW. Interest is also notable in North Africa and the Middle East, as well as India and China.
In most cases, CSP technologies currently cannot compete on price with photovoltaics solar panels, which have experienced huge growth in recent years due to falling prices and much smaller operating costs. CSP generally needs large amount of direct solar radiation, and its energy generation falls dramatically with cloud cover.
Concentrating technologies exist in four optical types, namely parabolic trough, dish, concentrating linear Fresnel reflector, and solar power tower. Parabolic trough and concentrating linear Fresnel reflectors are classified as linear focus collector types. Dish and solar tower as of the point focus type. Linear focus collectors achieve medium concentration (50 suns and over), and point focus collectors achieve high concentration (over 500 suns) factors. Although simple, these solar concentrators are quite far from the theoretical maximum concentration.
Ethiopia has tremendous potential for concentrated solar power. But there are pathogenic challenges against the deployment of the resource. Some of these challenges may non-existent of institutionalized research and development in energy science and engineering and lack of appropriate policy and strategy implementation.
Therefore the aim of this paper is to recommend some policy and strategic research and development and deployment of CSP.
Hydrogen Production from Crude Glycerol Via Steam Reforming over Bimetallic Catalysts
Hundessa Dessalegn Demsash
School of Chemical and Bio-Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology,
Ababa University-385, St. George IV Street, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Email:
In the search for renewable alternatives to fossil fuels, biodiesel has been found to be a promising fuel. Its production has increased significantly in recent years, but this has also resulted in a surfeit of crude glycerol as a by-product. Steam reforming of glycerol to produce clean fuel such as hydrogen is a potential method of recuperating glycerol from biodiesel. Since the effectiveness of this process depends on efficient catalysts with good selectivity and stability as well as milder process conditions, the current work aims to develop improved catalysts. Moreover, there is a scarcity of kinetic data in the literature for glycerol steam reforming which can be used for designing reactors. Hence, kinetic modeling was also carried out. In the current work, six catalysts (three nickel-alumina, two ceria promoted nickel-alumina and one ruthenium doped ceria promoted nickel-alumina) were prepared and tested for 30 wt.% glycerol aqueous solution in a packed bed reactor. Characterization of fresh and spent catalysts was carried out to relate catalyst properties and catalytic performance. The range of parameters that favor high hydrogen yield was first examined with thermodynamic analysis. The reaction was then conducted at temperatures from 550°C to 800°C, atmospheric pressure and weight hourly space velocity of 6.8 to 17 h-1. Among tested monometallic catalysts, 10Ni/Al2O3/5CeO2 was found to be stable for 16 total hours on stream while 10Ni-1Ru/Al2O3/5CeO2 showed the superior catalytic performance and stability for 24 hours on stream. With this catalyst, best hydrogen selectivity of 88.6 % was obtained versus thermodynamic selectivity of 95.9% at 650oC. Then, by using both power law and heterogeneous kinetic models, kinetic models were developed and tested. Finally, with developed kinetics, modeling and simulation of combustion coupled reformer were carried out. In the reformer simulation, the counter-current flow configuration was found to operate better than the co-current coupled process in terms of supplying required heat input for the reformer and product yield.
Reduction of Postharvest Losses and Value Addition of Agricultural Products through Advanced Drying Processes
Kuma G. Erko1,2*, Werner C. Hofacker1and Albert Esper3
1Konstanz University of Applied Sciences, 78462 Konstanz, Germany, 2Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia, 3INNOTECH Ingenieursgesellschaft GmbH, 71155 Altdorf, Germany
*corresponding author Email:
A convective batch dryer that controls the input factors (air temperatures, air velocity and relative humidity) was used to dry the Tomato, carrot and potato. The design of experiment with the partial factorial was applied to optimize the input factors. The air temperatures were 40℃-75℃ for carrot and 55℃-75℃ for tomato. Moreover, 0.95m/s-1.25m/s for air velocity and 10% and 20% for relative humidity were set for both products. By the same way, the input factors used for potato products were 50℃-90℃ air temperature, 0.85m/s-1.25m/s and 10%-50% relative humidity. Furthermore, advanced controlling of these input factors of square-wave was applied to examine its effect on the end quality of dried agricultural products.
Thus, the finding of this study shows that the air temperature was found significant parameter (P<0.05) over the total color difference regardless of the other input factors on carrot and potato. The interaction of air velocity and relative humidity was found most significant parameters on tomato. The square-wave profile of air temperature and relative humidity show better optimum for the total color difference for potato; however, the square-wave does not show any significant result on Tomato and carrot. Based on the findings of this study, it is possible to recommend that process optimization of drying fruits and vegetables should be applied to benefit the food industry by preventing loss of food quality during processing.
Keywords: batch dryer, advanced drying, total color, square-wave
Indigenous Knowledge and Appropriate Technology Based Small and Medium Industries Development
Desta Milkessa Edessa
Bremen, Germany, Email:
Existence of small and medium scale businesses are essential to the growth and sustainability of any economy. This review paper presents the role of indigenous knowledge and appropriate technology in the establishment of successful small and medium scale industries, which can foster community empowerment and sustainability. Indigenous knowledge and appropriate technology based small and medium scale industry implementation requires community engagement throughout - technology conceptualization, development, implementation, assessment and impact evaluation.
In order to study the matter, the scientific community has categorized the implementation of indigenous knowledge and appropriate technology based small and medium scale industry development (SMSID) into three models. The model includes Pro-indigenous SMSID (i.e. science, technologies and knowledge foreign to the target community, but appropriate); Para-indigenous SMSID (i.e. science, technologies and knowledge foreign to the target community in combination with indigenous knowledge or practices); Per-indigenous SMSID (i.e. science, technologies and knowledge entirely developed, modified and upgraded by target communities). The models present a clear picture of the subject and facilitate the thorough research, development, education, policy making and implementation related to indigenous and appropriate technology based small and medium scale industry development.
The paper also presents the behavior, the challenge and the implication of losing indigenous knowledge of any community in general and specifically the Oromo people. It also presents some of the Oromo people science and technology related indigenous knowledge and their products that used to sustain the life of the people over the years. The closer look to the subject suggests that indigenous knowledge and appropriate technology based industry development is a key to success. However, this subject is explored way less than necessary when it comes to the Oromo people and even the people are losing the knowledge accumulated over generations of living for good.
Therefore urgent measures should be taken to create indigenous knowledge bank; to integrate indigenous knowledge systems into higher education curriculum; to promote innovation and entrepreneurship based on indigenous knowledge; to conduct research and development on indigenous knowledge and appropriate technology; to integrate indigenous knowledge and appropriate technologies; and more importantly to promote indigenous and appropriate technology based small and medium scale industries.
Keywords: Indigenous Knowledge, small and medium scale Industry
Vibration Levels and Frequencies on Vehicle and Animals During Transport
FufaSorriBulita
Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
During transport, animals are subjected to various stressors, including vibration, noise and poor handling, and these compromise animal welfare. This study determined vibration levels and resonance frequencies for vehicles and dairy cows. A Volvo FM12 with air suspension, driven at 30, 50, 70 or 90 km h(-1) on three road types, was used for transportation. To study the effect of standing orientation on vibration, animals were positioned parallel or perpendicular to the direction of travel. Vehicle speed was measured with MAGELLAN 315 type GPS. Two vibration sensors were placed on the chassis; floor and additional sensors were firmly attached to adjustable straps mounted on animals. For each run, measurements were made over a 20 s period on five animals. The highest vibration level observed on animals was 2.27 +/- 0.33 m s(-2) when driving on gravel roads at 70 km h(-1). Vibrations in the horizontal and lateral directions were lower on animals positioned perpendicular to the direction of travel than on those facing forward. Both road conditions (p < 0.0002) and standing orientation (p < 0.002) have a significant effect on vibration levels. Three main resonance frequencies were identified for the vertical direction, at 1.3, 5.1, 12.6 Hz, and at about 23 Hz. The vibration exposure values (8 h transport time) for the vertical, horizontal and lateral directions were 0.61 +/- 0.12, 0.92 +/- 0.35, and 1 +/- 0.21 m s(-2), respectively. These exceed the EU daily exposure action of 0.5 m s(-2), but are lower than the daily exposure limit of 1.15 m s(-2).
Keywords: animal welfare, transport, stressors, vibration, roads, frequency
Sustainable Development of Natural Resources: The Window to rapid economic development in Oromia
Tesfaye Negeri
Senior Mineral Processing Research Scientist/Engineer
In 1983 the United Nations assessed that the condition of human environment and natural resources was alarmingly in poor state in all regions of the world. Reversing the situation or at least decelerating the rate at which the rapid economic growth is affecting the eco-system became an imperative. To mobilize all global communities to carry out their respective economic development in manners that do not affect the human environment, the UN established the Brundtland Commission, formerly known as the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). The Commission released its report “Our Common Future” also known as the “Brundtland Report” in October 1987. The report defined Sustainable Development as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.
In 2000, as a global effort to confront head on the humiliation of poverty, the UN initiated the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The MDGs established measurable, universally agreed objectives for preventing high fatality diseases, tackling extreme hunger and poverty, and focus on providing universal primary education to all children. The Millennium Development Goals has delivered impressive results globally, but to lesser extent in countries where democracy, social justice and equality are inexistent.
The 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development established the “Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)” with built-in clear and practical measurability. The objective was to set key universal goals that meet the urgent environmental, political and economic challenges facing our world. In 2015 the world body adopted a new initiative: “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” with 17 goals to be achieved by 2030.
Ethiopia has been a signatory of all the sustainable development treaties under the UN. Assessment of Ethiopia’s achievements in most categories has been vague and hard to verify since reporting is voluntary. It is particularly important to note that one of the 17 goals is peace; where signatory countries declared that they are determined to foster peaceful, just and inclusive societies, which are free from fear and violence, that there can be no sustainable development without peace and no peace without sustainable development. To implement sustainable development policy, strong institutions are required in all areas of economic activities, at all levels of governments.
The factors that pose great challenges to the implementation of natural resource development projects in Oromia/Ethiopia are environmental safeguards, lack of social justice, highly qualified work force, weak institutions and expertise. Natural resource development, planned and implemented based on the principle of sustainability, can be the framework through which Oromia can see rapid prosperity, employment and emergence of strong institutions. The weak or non-existence of mining and mineral resources extraction research and development institution in Oromia/Ethiopia combined with the non-existent of any kind of mining, minerals and extraction/processing education will be a drag on the development of a credible mining industry in the country unless a decisive action is taken. Mining is an economic sector not to be ignored since Oromia is bestowed with plenty of mineral resources. The shutting down of the LegaDembi Gold Mine and the Kenticha tantalum mine due to sustainability issues is a consequence of such negligence to build appropriate institutions.
This presentation is an attempt to connect the issues related to natural resources development, global warming and the environment and how Oromia can jump-start its economy by developing its natural resources sustainably by building appropriate institutions and interlinks.
Reaction of Ethiopia Ionosphere to Sun based Movement and Geomagnetic Storm
Amensisa Negasa(PhD candidate) Jimma Institute of Technology Jimma University P. O. Box 378 Jimma, Oromia,Ethiopia
Ionization is the procedure of making absolutely or adversely charged particles or atoms by including or striping one or more electrons. For the case of Earth’s atmosphere Ionization can occur because of solar radiation. On this paper, we show affects of solar activity on Ethiopia Ionosphere by using Adama, Ethiopia ground based GPS data. We collated this data by using ground based GPS receiver located at Adama (8.57o N and 39.29o E) have been analyzed to study the temporal variations of the ionosphere in the region. We have investigated the effects of sunspot on the characteristics of the total electron content (TEC) values. According to our data the observed TEC values are minimum at pre-down throughout the year, followed by a steep increase in its value in the intervals 1000UT-1400UT. This may be due to the variation of the strength of solar radiation that reaches the atmosphere. The observed TEC values are correlated with sunspot numbers, as there are more radiation (X-ray and UV) from the Sun during large number of sunspots.
Constructed Wetland Technology for the Treatment of Municipal Wastewater of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Kenatu Angassa1, Seyoum Leta2 and Worku Mulat3
1 Ethiopian Institute of Water Resource, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
2 Center for Environmental Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
3 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, USA
A pilot of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSFCWs) was constructed on 16m2 area. The constructed wetland technology was partitioned into three equally sized wetland cells with dimensions of L ×W× D (3.5 m× 1.0 m× 0.6 m). The three cells were covered with a geomembrane and filled with gravel media. Three perforated PVC pipe were inserted for aeration facilities in each cells. The study compared HSFCWs planted with Vetiveriazizanioide and Phragmitekarka, and one without plants. HSSFCWs cells were continuously loaded with pretreated municipal wastewater with equal hydraulic loading rate of 0.025 m/d and with maximum organic loading rate of 6.16 g BOD/m2d and with a hydraulic retention time of 6 days.Results show that V. zizanioide had better removal efficiencies (TSS: 92.3%; BOD5: 92.0%; PO43-: 86.7%) than P. karka (TSS: 91.3%; BOD5: 90.5%; PO43-: 85.6%), whereas P. karka showed better removal efficiency of NH4+ (86%), NO3-(81.8 %) and SO42- (91.7%) than with V. zizanioide(NH4+: 83.4%; NO3-: 81.3%; SO42-: 90.5%). Removal rates in unplanted CWs were lower for all parameters: TSS (78%), BOD5 (73%), NH4+(61.0%), NO3- (55.5%), PO43-(67.6%), SO42- (78.1%). Higher removals of total coliform (3 log units) and Escherichia coli (2.4 log units) were obtained in the HSSFCW with plants compared to unplanted units (total coliform: 1.9 log units; Escherichia coli: 1.2 log units). Based on these findings, the treated water can be directly disposed into surface water bodies or used for irrigation as the concentrations of the pollutants are below the standard permissible limits of effluent discharge set by EEPA and WHO. Therefore, both V. zizanioideand P. karka are good candidates for remediation of wastewater by a constructed wetland system.
Keywords: Aeration, Wetland technology, Gravel media, Pollutant removal
Evaluation of Satellite based Precipitation Products for Streamflow Simulation in Ketar Watershed, Ethiopia
Mulugeta Musie, Sumit Sen
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India
Satellite-based and reanalysis gridded precipitation products are becoming good alternatives to fill data gaps of accurate precipitation. The goal of this study was to examine the performance and applicability of four high-resolution gridded precipitation products used as inputs in Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model to simulate stream flow in Ketar watershed. Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR), Climate Hazards Group Infra-Red Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 Version 7 (3B42V7) were evaluated against the observed rain gauge data. Statistical indices were used to compare the products. The results show that CHIRPS and TRMM-3B42V7 have better correlations with the rain gauge precipitation. However, CFSR product has the smallest correlation but also the lowest values of mean error (ME) and relative bias (BIAS). Both CHIRPS and TRMM-3B42V7 products resulted very good as input in hydrologic model for stream flow simulation; TRMM-3B42V7 performed the best with lowest PBIAS and RSR values. From the overall performance of the products, it is recommend that CHIRPS and TRMM-3B42V7 precipitation products can be used for hydrologic modeling and other water resource management studies in data-sparse regions of Ethiopia.
Keywords: Gridded precipitation products; SWAT; Ketar watershed; CFSR; PERSIANN-CDR; CHIRPS; TRMM-3B42V7; correlation; stream flow.
The Tulama Notion of Sacredness (ulfaa/oo) Roles in Nature Conservation
Ginbar Negera
Adama Science and Technology University
E-mail:
The Tulama Gadaa wisdom and mainstream tradition ascribes some key important elements of social and natural environment with sacred designate expression to as ulfaa. Ulfaa is a collective term used to commonly refer all venerated social and natural elements environment categories. Understanding this notion imparted how possible the local people cultural-ecological wisdom and historical interactions have targeted key elements of environment, sites and natural resources conservation. However, the role of indigenous wisdom in natural resources conservation practices is marginal in science-policy process interfaces and its positions are being shadowed, dwindled and defied. The study was conducted through undertaking qualitative research approach of narrative and descriptive styles. Data were generated through systematic ways, techniques and tools for purposes of the study. Findings of the study indicated that there are significant physical sites and their extended natural resource protected as sacred elements of environment through combining culture-nature distinct features. There are sites made their appearance to the present-day relatively formed protected scenes of cultural landscape, fabulous physical conditions and center of certain biodiversity species vestige reference to the Tulama sacred wisdom and without which their perpetuate existence is impossible. The study probes into the relationships between the wisdom and some major sites interaction achievements and the type of interrelatedness developed into this line and made the issue successful. There are major distinguishing features the wisdom, the sites and reinforcing strategies being operational in its own way conservation of nature. However, the wisdom and sites are currently threatened due to several contemporary emerging challenges and epistemology of science and technology influence. The paper recommends that even though the wisdom and such sites category lay beyond modern epistemology and state-protected process there need to promote and integrate them objectively for overlapping environment conservation goals.
Keywords: sacredness, environment, Tulama, wisdom
Application of Biotechnology in Waste Water Control: The case of Oromia region
Diriba S. Gonfa
Biotechnologist, MS
City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Nowadays, the application of biotechnology in environmental practice is increasingly growing with critical question from social, economic, public and legislations sectors. Broadly speaking, biotechnology is the use of biological system for optimal use of nature (living organisms) for different process like all aspect of biochemical, medical, agricultural and environmental science. Most importantly, in 21st century, environmental biotechnology is getting attentions from both public and private sectors. Many countries believe, as biotechnology is a tool used to effectively enable scientists to monitor environmental issues in worldwide. Amongst various environmental problems we encounter on a daily basis, contaminated water, air, and solid waste streams account for highest environmental pollutions. In this study, only focuses on the role of biotechnology in waste water pollution control using the bacteria as primary microorganism in the activated sludge process based on the new science of recombinant DNA. Even though biotechnology is applied differently in industrial and agrarian nations, this paper is intended to introduce the concept of biotechnology in waste water treatment in Oromiya.
Ethiopian Highland Malaria and Climate: Experiences in Methodology and Research Translation
Adugna Woyessa (PhD)1,2
1Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O.Box 1242/5654, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
2International Research Institute for Climate and Society, P.O.Box 1000, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.
Malaria is among the top priority public health significance putting above half of the Ethiopian population at risk. Among all other factors supporting malaria transmission, climate provides the framework within which transmission is possible.Altitude is a proxy variable in which areas <2000 meters above sea level (masl) are potentially malarious in Ethiopia. Thus, above 80% of the nation’s population inhabit high altitude areas. However, rarely epidemic malaria with varying magnitude has been recorded in the altitudes between 1500 and 2500 m. Despite the vital role of climate in dominating the seasonal and unstable nature of epidemiology in Ethiopia, the relationship between global warming and malaria in the highlands has been an important concern. This calls for better understanding of the effects of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on expansion of malaria, which is more pronounced at higher altitudes within malaria endemic areas and borders of malaria endemic areas during the last decades. Thus, this paper is aimed at demonstrating the relationship of highland malaria with climate parameters including ENSO events. A combined data sources from prospective surveys and health facility-based record review. Community-based house-to-house surveys were performed in Akaki Town (2110-2120 m) during 1999 and Butajira area (1800-2300 m) between 2008 and 2010. For both sites climate data for the survey period and beyond was also obtained from the National Meteorological Agency (NMA). A recent study also focused on understanding the relationship of historical malaria epidemics and ENSO in Ethiopia. Peer-reviewed and grey literature for the period 1953-2010 as well as a new NMA climate dataset known as Enhanced National Climate Services (ENACTS) was used. Overall, our findings indicate that locally contracted malaria infection occurred during non-epidemic years and high altitudes previously perceived as malaria free. Although both Plasmodium vivaxandP.falciparummreported the former remained dominant species in prospective surveys. Similarly, health record review also showed dominance of vivax malaria with a rising trend as artemesinin-based therapy scaled up. Moreover, the relationship of historical malaria epidemics in Ethiopia documented between 1953 and 2010 to ENSO events. Epidemics may occur during any ENSO state, widespread epidemics appear to be more common during El Niño phases, while local epidemics are more frequently identified with La Niña or Neutral periods. The earliest understanding was that half of the Ethiopian population live in cool highland areas where malaria is restricted by low temperature. However, a recent research discerned that Ethiopian highland elevations have lost their cool temperature protection in the past three decades, with dekad (10 days) average minimum temperature now becoming warmer than the thresholds for malaria protection. On this basis malaria surveillance tool was designed to improve case detection and monitoring malaria incidence within the context of malaria elimination strategy.
Key words: Highland malaria, climate, research, Ethiopia
Schistosomiasis and Soil Transmitted Helmniths Distributions Survey Findings and Ethiopian National Program Updates
Gemechu Tadesse*1, KalkidanMekete,YonasWuletaw, AbebaGebretsadik, Hussein Mohamed, Sindew Mekasha1, Adugna Woyessa1
Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O.Box 1242/5654, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
An accurate understanding of the distribution of schistosomiasis and Soil-transmitted helminthiasis,derived from well-designed mapping surveys, is crucial in order to plan and implement large-scale deworming programmes. An analysis of the nationwide mapping of these infections demonstrates the following:
Schistosomiasis (SCH) – Of the country’s 833 districts, 374 are uninfected for both intestinal and urogenital schistosomiasis, 190 have low endemicity, 153 moderate endemicity, and 69 high endemicity. A total of 45.6 million people are known to live in endemic districts, which is made up of 5.2 million pre-school-aged children (pre-SAC), 14.6 million school-aged children (SA), and 25.8million adults.
Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH)–Only 45 of the country’s districts were found to be uninfected with STH, 247 have low endemicity, 215 moderate endemicity, and 279 high endemicity. A total of 59.0 million people are known to live in areas that qualify for large-scale treatment (excluding low endemic areas), which is made-up of 6.6 million pre-SAC, 18.4 million SAC, and 32.4 million adults. With those living in highly endemic areas recommended to be treated twice per year, it is estimated that the total annual number of treatments required is 28.9 million. Results from these surveys will be used to set treatment approach and plan drug requirements, budgets, and logistics. Currently, school-aged children from the constituent population for large-scale treatment. The Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) aim to expand treatment as far as possible dependent on available funding and drug availability. This will include adults in highly infected areas for both SCH and STH. In addition, pre-SAC are treated against STH through the efforts of the FMOH’s nutrition team. The results from these surveys used for effective control programme planning and implementation.
*Corresponding author; E-mail:
Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella and Shigella Species Isolated from Childhood Diarrgea in Ambo Town Public Health Institutions
Wagi Tosisa1**, Adane Mihret2, Asnake Ararsa3, Tadesse Enguale3 and Tamrat Abebe2
**Corresponding author: Wagi Tosisa, Email:
Diarrhea particularly of enteric bacterial pathogen remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. Despite common knowledge of enteric bacteria pathogens, there are considerable interests in characterizing these bacteria across geographic area beyond providing attention to tackle their usual consequences. This study was aim to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella and Shigella species isolated from childhood diarrhea in Ambo town public health institutions.
Institutional based, cross-sectional study was carried out from January to July 2014 in Ambo town public health institutions. Patient demographics, and signs, and symptoms report was obtained from parents/guardians of child. Diarrheal samples were collected from under five children, and processed for isolation of Salmonella and Shigella species using conventional laboratory tests. PCR was done to confirm Salmonella by amplifying a 496-bp genetic sequence of members of the genus Salmonella. Antibiogram test was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method using ten commonly used antibiotics. The data was entered in to EpiData 3.02 and then transferred to SPSS version 17.0 statistical software for data processing and analysis.
From the 239 children screened, 3.8% (9/239) Salmonella and Shigellaspecieswereisolated. Those were include three (1.3%) Shigellaflexinari, two (0.8%) Shigellaboydii, one (0.4%) Shigellasonnei and three (1.3%) Salmonella species (serotypes of CHICAGO, CARACAS and SAINTPAUL).The highest resistance among the total Salmonella and Shigella species was observed against Ampicillin (88.9%) followed by Tetracycline (66.7%), Cotrimoxazoale (55.6%), Chloramphenicol (44.4%), Amoxacillin (33.3%), Nalidixic acid (11.1%) and Cefotaxime (11.1%). All isolates were sensitive to Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin except one intermediate.
The total prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella species among childhood diarrhea is 3.8%. Shigella species were more prevalent than Salmonellaspecie. Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin were drugs of chosen for those isolate’s.
Key words: Salmonella and Shigellaspecies, Antibiotic Resistance, Childhood Diarrhea, Ambo, Ethiopia
Implications of Ethiopia Productive Safety Net Program on Household Dietary Diversity and women Body Mass Index: a Cross-Sectional Study
Asnake Ararsa (MPH)*, Gudina Egata (PhD) *
*Haramaya University, College of Health and Medical Sciences
Poor nutritional status of women remained central problem in Ethiopia through increasing vulnerability to adverse health and reproductive outcomes that perpetuate across life course. Women nutrition matters not only for Public health relevance of breaking intergenerational cycle of malnutrition but also for its high return. Ethiopia Productive safety net program meant to protect chronically food insecure households against shocks through cash or food transfer scheme. Unfortunately, its effect on food access and women BMI remained unexplored in drought hot spot area of eastern Ethiopia.
This study was intended to assess the difference in household dietary diversity and women BMI among PSNP and non-PSNP households and factors associated with it.
Community based cross-sectional study design was carried out in Kombolcha district of Eastern Ethiopia from July 1 to 28, 2015. Household Dietary Diversity and women BMI were compared. Wealth index was categorized as lowest, middle or highest asset category. Ordinal regression was used to identify factors associated with women BMI.
The prevalence of under nutrition was 27.3 percent and 20.2 percent for women PSNP and non-PSNP households respectively. PSNP membership had large effect on HDD and small effect on women BMI. Ordinal regression yielded significant association for wealth index, better health care service compared to previous year with an OR of 0.647 (95% CI, 0.429 to 0.974) and reducing selling assets for the sake of buying foods with an OR of 1.575 ( 95% CI, 1.057 to 2.349).
Among PSNP and non-PSNP households the prevalence of severe chronic energy deficiency was 3.4 percent and 1.8 percent respectively and associated with economic status and health care utilization that suggest considering income generating activity and nudging for minimum health care as a condition for transfer.
Key words: BMI, PSNP, social protection, HDD, Ethiopia
Urinary Tract Infection: Bacteria Etiologies, Antimicrobal Susceptibility Patterns and Associated Risk Factors among Diabetic Patients Attending Diabetic Clinics in Harar, Ethiopia
Degu Abate1,2, GetachewKabew1, FikeduUrgesa1,DerejeMeaza1, 1Haramaya University,College of Health and Medical Science, 2 Principal investigator, Email
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an inflammation of urinary tract that occurs when micro organisms, usually bacteria from digestive tract or vagina cling to the opening of the urethra and begin to multiply. People with diabetes or problems with the body’s natural defense system are more likely to get UTIs. It is predicted that there will be 380 million persons with DM in 2025. In line with this, indiscriminate use of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of drug resistant pathogens.
The objective was assess prevalence of Bacterial Uropathogen, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolates and its associated risk factors among Diabetic Patients attending diabetic clinics in Harar.
Facility based cross sectional study was conducted in diabetic patients visiting diabetic clinics of Hospitals in Harar from July to September, 2014. A structured questionnaire was used for collection of data on socio-demographic characteristics and associated risk factors. Mid stream clean catch Urine specimens were collected using sterile containers, and processed and cultured using the standard bacteriological methods. Isolated organisms were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility patterns using the standard disk diffusion method. The data were entered using epi-data 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Percentages and ratios were calculated and presented using tables and charts. P-value was used to see statistical significance (p<0.05).
Two hundred forty diabetic patients attending diabetic clinics in Harar were studied for prevalence of Urinary tract infections. Out of 240 diabetic patients, 95(39.6%) of them were with symptomatic and the remaining 145(60.4%) of them with asymptomatic urinary tract infection. Significant bacteriuria was detected in 19/95 (20 %) and 18/145 (12.4%) of symptomatic and asymptomatic diabetic patients respectively. The overall prevalence was 15.4% (37/240). Majority of the isolates (70 %) were Gram-negative Bacteria. The most frequently isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli (45%) followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci 6(15 %) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4 (10.3%). All bacterial isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and most of isolates were resistant multiple drugs.
The prevalence of Urinary tract infection among diabetic patients attending diabetic clinics in Harar was 15.4%. Most of the isolates were gram negative bacteria showing resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents.
Key Words: Urinary tract infection, diabetes, antimicrobial susceptibility test
Ecofriendly and Innovative Technologies in Improving Crops Productivity in Nutrient Deficient Soils of Oromia Regional State: Implication for Promotion of Organic Farming
Diriba Muleta
Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
Oromia Regional State has the highest agricultural production potential with 28% of the land is suitable for agriculture. Consequently, agriculture is the main occupation of the Oromia people as more than 87% of them are engaged in farming. At present, the sustainability of ecosystems is in danger due to both application of varied degrading agents and intensive exploitation of tropical forests. Some major challenges to the sustainability of the world‘s agriculture are: i) pollution, ii) biodiversity loss, iii) soil degradation/nutrient loss/erosion, iv) water scarcity/salinity, v) carbon foot-print, and vi) natural resources depletion. During the last decades, inventories of the soil’s productive capacity indicate severe degradation and loss of arable lands. The situation is highly exacerbated in economically disadvantaged SubSaharan countries where soil fertility management is too poor or not at all there. Currently, the ever increasing population (2.9% growth rate) in the region of Oromia prompts also extensive usage of agrochemicals to attain optimum yields. Evidently, agrochemicals have played a significant role in the green revolution since their application is considered the quickest and surest way of increasing crop production. Nevertheless, their cost and other constraints (i.e., environmental hazards) potentially discourage smallholder farmers from using them in recommended quantities by resource poor smallholder farmers. The use of such chemicals added to the recent climate change scenario lead to losses in soil fertility and hence, requires an alternative to boost crop productivity while sustaining ecological quality via organic farming. Globally, there is widespread interest in the use of eco-friendly and innovative technologies that contribute much to sustainable agriculture. It is a well-established fact that eco-friendly and innovative technologies are essential components in natural and managed terrestrial ecosystems to restore soil fertility. The voluminous literature has revealed that eco-friendly and innovative technologies improve the overall growth of crop plants growing under diverse argoecological zones. Furthermore, great deals of experimental works carried out on the importance of organic farming have shown superior improvements in growth performance and productivity of agricultural crops. Organic agriculture has developed rapidly worldwide during the last few years and is now practiced in approximately 120 countries of the world (mainly in Central Europe and India). African countries (Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, Cameroon and Ghana) have also gone far ahead in production of certified organic foods. Thus, this review paper gives a brief account on major constraints to crops productivity and designs strategies to circumvent them to ensure sustainability of crops production in Oromia Regional State. Moreover, the paper describes also the organic farming techniques, benefits derived from the technologies, adoption levels, and constraints to organic farming practices with due emphasis to microbial inoculants.
Keywords: Biological nitrogen fixation, compost, dual inoculation, microbial inoculants, phosphate solubilization, stresses tolerance, vermicomposting
Comparison of Low Cost Modified Hermetic Storage Structures to Minimize Storage Losses of Maize (Zea Mays L.) and Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Grains due to Storage Pests
1Yetenayet B. Tola, 1Obsuman Damana and2Werner C. Hofacker
1Department of Postharvest Management, Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma, Ethiopia
2Institute of Applied Thermo and Fluid Dynamics, Konstanz University of Applied Sciences
D-78462 Konstanz, Germany
Correspondence - E-mail:
Production and marketing of cereal grains are among the main activities in Oromia farming system. However, yields are very low due to several factors associated with traditional practices. Despite low productivity, the postharvest losses (PHL) of grains mainly during storage are high due to storage pests. This study aimed to compare locally manufactured low cost modified environment storage structures to minimize storage related losses of Maize and Sorghum due to storage pests. The study was conducted in two phases, and in the first phase, potential good smoke source material was identified and characterized among 6 candidates in terms of production of high concentration of CO and CO2 gases to modified storage environment in grains and other merits. In the second phase, different physical hermetic storage structures were investigated in combination with or without smoke infusion to control impact of storage insect pests. The factorial CRD and RCBD designs were laid out for the former and latter experiments (three replications) respectively. Results showed that, dried maize stalk was superior in terms of production of high concentration of CO and CO2 as well as other selection criteria as compared to other sources. In the second phase, among studied physical storage structures; grains stored in bamboo basket with support of PVC internal layer with or without smoke infusion and pit storage with PVC internal layer support showed superior grains in terms of stability against storage pests and grain quality. A very significant improvement was observed in terms of occurrence, infestation and damage of storage pests in above two storage structures as compared to traditional storage methods, which experienced 100% damages, by the pests. During the study, 5 fungal species (Aspergillus, Fussarium, Penicillium, Colletotrichum and Drechsleraspp) in Maize and 4 fungal species (Fussarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Colletotrichum spp.) in Sorghum were identified, with less degree of infestation in improved structures. Therefore, creating a low cost hermetic storage environment either in above or below ground storage methods critically will minimize storage related losses of Maize and Sorghum grains and save more grains for consumption and marketing.
Key words: Maize, Sorghum, Storage, Smoke Sources, Storage Insects, PVC, Smoke
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant potential of Anchote
Melkamu Biyana Regasa*, Kefyalew Gomoro Fayisa* and Haftom Hagos Woldegebriel*
*Wollega University, Department of Chemistry, P.O.Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia:
Anchote is an indigenous tuberous crop that is commonly produced by Oromo nation in western and southwestern Oromia region in Ethiopia. It has nutritional, medicinal, economic and social importance. Of these, the medicinal value includes its utilization for the treatment of many ailments like cancer, malaria, tuberculosis, gonorrhea and diabetes by Oromo people. The purpose of the present study is to test the presence of phytochemical compounds and evaluate the antioxidant potential. The study was carried in 2017 after collecting the representative sample from Wollega zone where it grows. The samples were extracted using three solvents namely methanol, water and diethyl ether. The phytochemical screening of the three solvents soluble fraction showed that it contains bioactive compounds such as reducing sugar, terpenoids, alkaloids, stereoids, tannins, saponins and coumarins. This study shows that the value of phytobased chemicals and higher antioxidant activity in water extract (20-100μg/mL) was the highest followed by that of methanol extract and diethyl ether extract respectively. The medicinal value of Anchote may attribute to the presence of various polyphenols and flavonoids. Furthermore, this cultural food is highly recommended to play its roles in food security confirmation attempts since it is rich in fibers, vitamins, minerals and the important compounds. In conclusion, the presence of bioactive compounds in anchote tuber can be the evidence for its use for medicinal/natural antioxidants and nutritional purposes. Therefore, its production in large scale, promotion and further study are recommended to exploit its dual advantages.
Key words: Anchote, phytochemicals, cultural food, antioxidant activity, Oromo nation, Ethiopia
Soil Nutrient status in relation to Enset/Warqe production in Shoa and Southern regions
Asnaketch Woldetensaye
DEQOT NGED (Develop and Engage with Quality and Original Treasures), Uppsala, Sweden
Soil samples were collected from farms in two Enset/Worqe (Enseteventricosum) growing regions of Ethiopia and analyzed for plant nutrients. For comparative reasons, soil samples were taken both from fields where Enset had been continuously cultivated for several decades and from other fields: annual cropping, grazing or uncultivated (fallow). The results reveal that the Enset fields studied had higher soil organic matter contents and better nutritional status than the fields used otherwise, not only in the topsoil but also in the subsoil. This indicates more sustainable cultivation with maintained fertility in the Enset fields. Possible explanations of this are discussed.
Towards Innovation Systems Approach to Science and Technology Policy in Ethiopia
Ayele Gelan, PhD
Economic Public Policy Research Program (EPP)
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), Kuwait
Ethiopia is one of the early adopters of Science & Technology Policy. Institutional building started as far back as mid 1970s when the country’s Science & Technology Policy Commission was established. The sector was also given priority in allocating scarce resources. For instance, S & T commission was among very few highly privileged institutions that were being allocated graduates with the best academic records. In spite of all these, however, Ethiopia’s achievements in S & T advances seem to be still at a very rudimentary stage. For instance, a recent study, using a few indicators on advancements of S & T, has compared Ethiopia with other less developed countries, including those in Sub-Saharan Africa. Ethiopia compared rather miserably in this assessment. What explains this anomaly? Why a country, that embraced the S & T policy and invested so much, has achieved so little? This paper is concerned with examining issues related to this puzzle. This is an exploratory research work, rather an issue paper, whose purpose is to call attention of public authorities as well as researchers to find ways of improvements in effective implementations of S & T policies.
Postharvest Handling Practices, Safety and Quality of Fish and Milk in Ethiopia
1Fufa Abunna,2Ayalew Assefa, 1Haileyesus Dejene, 1Fikru Ragassa, 1Dinka Ayana, 1Kebede Amenu, 1 Samson Leta3Ashenafi Chaka and 4Girma Gebresenbet
1Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, 2Sekota Dry land Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia
3Ambo University, Ethiopia, 4Swedish University of Agric Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden,
Fisheries and dairying play a significant role in food security, livelihood, and source of income in developing countries. Although fish and dairy products are a healthy source of protein, they can also spread diseases caused by pathogenic micro-organisms they may contain. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2017 to May 2018with the aim of isolating and estimating the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7, evaluating antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates and assessing post-harvest loss associated with fish in selected Lakes of Northern Ethiopia. All the microbial identification and isolation procedures and Antimicrobial susceptibility test were conducted based on the standard procedures. Post-harvest losses assessments in fish were conducted based on FAO recommendations of qualitative and quantitative field assessment methods. From the total 410 fish samples examined, six (1.46%) of them were contaminated with Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli O157: H7 strain. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that isolates were resistant to ampicillin and streptomycin. On the other hand, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid were found to be effective in inhibiting the growth of the isolates. Fishermen believed that high environmental temperature, absence or delayed marketing, harvesting immature fish, predators, and flood are the major causes of post-harvest loss of fish in the two Lakes. On the other hand, a cross-sectional study was also carried out from November 2017 to May 2018 to assess the handling and hygienic practices of milk and to assess the epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance pattern and critical control points of E. coli O157:H7 along the dairy supply chains in AkakiKality sub-city of Addis Ababa, Bishoftu and Sululta towns of central Ethiopia. Accordingly, a total of 91 dairy farm owners, milk collection centers and cafeterias interviewed using structured questionnaire. The result indicated that, 13.8% of milking producers did not manage hygienic practices of udder and hand washing. Also, 57.7% of cafeterias used well water sources for routine sanitation practices. However, a total of 450 raw cow milk (294) and environmental (65 milkers’ hand swab and 91 water) samples were collected from dairy farms, milk collection centers and cafeterias and processed according to the standards in order to isolate and identify E. coli O157:H7. Out of the total 450 samples, 6.0% were found to be contaminated by E. coli O157:H7. Accordingly, 9.89% of water, 9.23% of hand swab and 4.08% of raw cow milk samples were contaminated by the pathogen. In addition, the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 was 7.79%, 6.21% and 3.97% in Akakikality sub-city, Sululta and Bishoftu towns, respectively. The result of multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that there was statistically significant difference observed (p < 0.05) between the occurrence of the pathogen in the milk and water samples with the sources of water. The study also revealed that, varying level of resistance of E. coli O157:H7 isolates against nine antimicrobial discs tested and 100% (n = 27) of the isolates showed multidrug-resistance comprising from two up to seven antimicrobial drugs. The result of critical control point assessment also revealed that, E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from nine milk samples collected from cafeterias and the level of occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 may seem lower but should be taken seriously because of its capabilities in causing severe disease. In conclusion, the occurrence of pathogenic organism and its multiple drug resistant profiles in milk and fish indicates the need for interventions because of the risk for public health and food safety. Therefore, proper hygienic practice from farms to fork and rational drug usage is recommended.
Keywords: Antibiotic susceptibility test; Epidemiology; Escherichia coli O157; Ethiopia; Fish; Lakes.
International Logistics costs, the case of Djibouti – Addis Ababa corridor
Abel Kebede1, Bikila Teklu1 Girma Gebresenbet2,; Hilina Demeke1 and Raeed Ali1,
1Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, 2Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
There is a strong linkage of trade and economic development of a country to the efficiency of its logistics system. Ethiopia is one of among the fifteen landlocked countries in Africa, making the country both physically and economically more remote from major world markets, which contributes to the high trade costs. The logistics system need to be designed and operate in a manner to effectively reduce the overall process cost and overall time taken for operations. Understanding the logistics cost can, therefore, be taken as an important step in identify areas of inefficiency and ease the decision making to reduce the barriers of trade operations and optimize the whole system. The main purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the baseline port and road transport costs in the supply chain of the three selected products (Cereals, Fertilizers and generalcargo-Steel) from the Djibouti Port and along the Ethiopia-Djibouti road transport corridor.
The study primarily used secondary data collected from different actors involved in the logistics operation for 2016 and 2017. In addition, primary data was collected through interviews and surveys at the Port of Djibouti and Addis Ababa-Djibouti Road Corridor. The approach taken to make the analysis is to consider the cost elements from the user’s perspective that the costs are the payments made by the users to get service. The study evaluated the baseline cost of logistics for three cost elements (fixed, variable, and hidden costs). The total costs of logistics for the baseline year of 2017 were estimated based on the total tonnage of the commodities imported, and the unit costs of the items established for the major factors/variables that drive the three cost elements.
For port operations, the estimated total unit costs (combined fixed, variable, and hidden costs) for 2017 were 27.50, 25.32 and 21.44 USD per ton for fertilizers, cereals, and steel, respectively. The estimated total unit costs (only fixed and variable costs) for road transport for 2017 for cereals, fertilizers and steel were 34.3, 32.7 and 34.2 USD per ton, respectively. The variable costs contributed more than 90% of the total cost for both the port segment and the road transport segments, among which port handling charges, port cargo demurrage, fuel, tire and lube were among the main cost drivers.
Examining the interface between supply chain governance structure choice and supply chain performances of dairy chains in Ethiopia
Tadesse Kenea Amantae
Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
Recently, the supply chain management has been focused in the food sector with the idea of transforming agribusiness through networking and trustful partnership in the food chains. In this regard, the empirical knowledge of the interface among the variables of factors in the supply chain governance structure choices, the chain actors’ choice of governance models, and the effects of these on the supply chain performances are important to consider. This study attempted to empirically verify the relationships between factors existing in the business scenarios, the chain actors’ governance structure choice, and supply chain performances of dairy chains in Ethiopia. The chains were analyzed using the survey data that were collected from 215 chain actors and analyzed using structural equation modelling (SEM) and IBM SPSS and IBM AMOS of version 24 software. The data collected were tested for the Cronbach's alpha reliability test for the internal consistency, and using the different model goodness of fit measure tests. The result showed that the transaction cost, trust, and uncertainty significantly (p<.001) predicted the chain actors’ supply chain governance model choice. On the other hand, uncertainty, willingness to collaborate, and collaborations advantages explained trust significantly (p< .001). The correlations analysis among the factors showed that there exists negative significant correlation between transaction cost and willingness to collaborate. The correlation between willingness to collaborate and collaborative advantages was found positive and significant. Similarly, the correlation between uncertainty and transaction specific investments was found positive and significant. Moreover, chain actors’ supply chain governance structure choice significantly explained the supply chain performances, such as efficiency, flexibility, level of dairy losses, and level of integrations in the dairy chains. Promoting established dairy chain governance system, either through dependable relational governances or through formal contractual structure has been found improving performances of the studied dairy chains.
Keywords: Dairy Chain, Ethiopia, Supply Chain Governance Structure, Supply Chain Performance
Food Traceability Concepts and Its Potential Role in Developing Agricultural Sector of Oromia
Techane Bosona
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
Information that consumers and other concerned bodies need to know such as variety of the food attributes, country of origin, animal welfare, and genetic engineering related issues is very important in modern food supply chains. For this, there is considerable effort to develop effective food traceability concepts and technologies. This paper presents the result of a comprehensive literature review on food traceability issues and suggests the potential role of food traceability to boost the agricultural development of Ethiopia. The result indicated that the issue of developing effective and full chain food traceability system is quite complex (especially in long supply chain) as it requires a deeper understanding of real processes from different perspectives such as economic, legal, technological, and social issues. Therefore, researches on food traceability development and implementation should gain attention within food sector in Ethiopia focusing on integration of traceability activities with food logistics activities; awareness creation strategies; continuity of information flow and effective communication of traceability information to consumers and other stakeholders.
Keywords: Food traceability; Food supply chain; Agricultural development
Urban-Rural Differences in Adolescent Stunting and Associated Factors in Harar and Kersa, Eastern Ethiopia
Asnake Ararsa1, Yadeta Dessie1 and NegaAseffa1
1Haramaya University, College of Health and Medical Sciences
Nutrition during the period of adolescence is a high priority issue on global health platforms and agendas. Ethiopia is a country with a high stunting prevalence and consequent poor cognition and educational performance, reduced adult productivity and income, and increased risks for morbidity and mortality for both mothers and their children. However, there is little evidence about urban–rural differences in adolescent stunting in the eastern part of Ethiopia.
The objective was to assess urban–rural differences in the magnitude and factors associated with adolescent stunting in eastern Ethiopia, 2016.
This study was conducted in Harar Health Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS) and Kersa Demographic Surveillance and Health Research Center (KDS-HRC). Data collection took place between October 1, 2015 and March 30, 2016. Univariate analysis was used for describing the data. After checking assumptions, multiple regression was applied to determine factors associated with stunting.
This study included a total number of 2010 adolescents. The overall prevalence of stunting was 26.9% (95% CI, 24.9 to 28.9) and it was lower among urban adolescents 8.1% (95% CI, 6.5 to 9.9) compared with their rural counterparts which was 47.9% (95% CI, 44.6 to 51.1). Hand washing practices followed by adolescent age were the best predictors of stunting for rural adolescents. On the other hand, sex followed by age appeared to be best predictors of Height-for-age z-score for urban adolescents.
There is a great disparity between stunting among urban and rural adolescents in eastern Ethiopia. The finding of the gaps between rural and urban adolescents, the gender gap in urban areas, along with the magnitude of adolescent stunting in rural areas strengthens the notion that action should be taken aggressively during this ‘window of opportunity’.
Key words: Adolescent, stunting, male, females, Ethiopia
Board Members
Girma Gebresenbet, (Prof, PhD),President, Board and Executive Committee member
Girma Gebresenbet is a Professor and Head of Logistics and Transport Division at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technology. He obtained MSc degree in Mechanical Engineering with honor degree, specialized in Design and Development in 1983. His PhD is in Agricultural Engineering and obtained a special reward from the Swedish Academy of Forestry and Agriculture for the outstanding doctoral dissertation of the year in 1991. He became Associate Professor in 1996 and Professor since 2000 in Logistics and Transport. Currently Gebresenbet is coordinating and managing many national and international research projects, where researchers and industry partners participated from many countries, mainly in the subject area of Logistics, Supply and Value Chain and Management with specific emphasis on Food Production and Marketing Chain in relation to quality, safety (including animal welfare), security, and environment. He is also working with postharvest, environment and automation. He has published over 200 scientific publications, supervised 16 PhD and over 100 MSc students.
Muluneh Oli (PhD), General Secretary, Board and Executive Committee member
Principal Consultant and Project/Program Manager in ICT and owner of OLIITEC. Graduated from Stanford University, CA-US (Post graduate in Advanced Project Management), Free University of Brussels-Belgium (Masters in Telematics and Organization), State University of Liege, Aerospace Laboratory-Belgium (PhD in Aeronautics), University of Belgrade-Ex Yugoslavia (Bachelors in Aero Transport and Traffic Engineering and Masters in engineering sciences). Accomplished Research works at the University of Liege on Active Aero-elastic Control focused on the computation of the interaction of Aerodynamics, structure and the control of flutter phenomenon and gust response, at the PMA (Production Machine Design and Automation) of the Catholic University of Leuven on Structural Analysis of High Pressure Composite vessels. Has managed European Community Frame Work Research Projects in Aeronautics at the European Commission in the RT&D Directorate General and done a research work on Business Oriented Knowledge Management on an EU Framework Research Program.
Abel Desalegn Ayele (PhD Candidate), PR Officer, Board and Executive Committee member
Abel D. Ayele is an Instructor at Lincoln University of Pennsylvania and a Ph.D. student at University of Delaware, USA. He received B.Sc. degree in Civil Engineering from Mekelle University and M.Sc. degree in Civil engineering (with focus in Road& Transportation Engineering) from Addis Ababa University in 2013 with a very great distinction. He also attended an international Master’s course as an exchange student and received a certificate in GIS (Geographic Information Systems) from the Department of Energy and Technology, SLU, Sweden in April 2013. Abel has worked as an Assistant lecturer at Bahir Dar University, School of Civil and Water Resources Engineering from 2008-2010. From 2010-2013, he worked as a Highway Engineer at IDCON plc while attending a graduate program at Addis Ababa University. During the same period, he worked as part time lecturer at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopian institute of Architecture Building Construction and City Development (EiABC). After moving to United States in August 2013, he worked as a Construction Inspector for Kaks and Company llc, in Harleysville, Pennsylvania and later joined Lincoln University, PA as an Instructor. Abel has years of experience working in the construction industry and in academia. He is a member of ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers) and ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers). He has held leadership roles with in the Oromo community organization of Pennsylvania where he served as a vice-president and secretary from September 2014 to August 2017. His current research interest areas include; Logistics and Freight Transportation, Transit Systems and Sustainable Infrastructure and Big Data in Transportation Engineering.
Tesfaye Negeri (PhD), Board and Executive Committee member
Tesfaye graduated with B.Sc. In Mining Engineering in 1978; obtained his Master’s in Mineral processing and Extractive Metallurgy in 1980 and his Ph.D in 1983. After a year of Post-Doctoral work at the Institute of Metallurgy in Slovenia, he joined the Ethiopian Ministry of Mines and Energy in 1984 and worked as Head of Research and Project Design where he started and worked on the implementation of gold and industrial minerals processing projects. In 1989, he joined Natural Resources Canada as a Research Scientist for Mineral processing. From 2005 to 2010, he served as a Manager for Mineralogy and Metallurgical Processing Program supervising 12 scientists 3 engineers and 4 technologists. In 2012, he started the Rare Earth Mineral Processing Project that attracted $17 million research funding by the Canadian Government. Currently he is the Project Leader for the Physical Separation Component of Natural Resources Canada’s Rare Earth Minerals Initiative. In 2016, he developed a new rare earth minerals separation process for a company that resulted in $46 million dollars savings in capital cost and $5 million dollars in operating expenses. This year, he received the prestigious “Excellence in Science” Sector Award from the Government of Canada.
Kuma Gowwomsa Erko (PhD candidate), Board and Executive Committee member
Kuma Gowwomsa is currently a Ph.D. candidate at Kassel University, in Germany. He received his B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering from Jimma University and M.Sc. in Thermal Engineering from Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia. He has worked as Lecturer and head of Mechanical Engineering and as associate dean at Institute of Technology, Ambo University, Ethiopia. His research interest involves Renewable Energy, Energy Analysis, Process Engineering (Drying and Post-Harvest Technology) and he has experience in Numerical Modeling, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).
Hundessa Dessalegn Demsash(PhD), Secretary,and Board member
Hundessa Dessalegn Demsash (Ph.D.) is an assistant professor at Addis Ababa University. He obtained B.Sc. degree in Chemical Engineering with first class honor degree from Bahir Dar University in 2007 and M.Tech. in Process Engineering in 2012 from Addis Ababa University with very great distinction. He has completed Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi in 2017. He worked as Process and Quality Control Supervisor at Ethiopian Sugar Corporation, Ethiopia from 2008-2010. He then joined Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University in 2011 as Lecturer in the School of Chemical and Bio Engineering and currently he is an Assistant Professor and Chairman of Process Engineering Division and President of Ethiopian Society of Chemical Engineers. His broad research interests are in Clean Energy and Process Engineering. He has published articles in high impact journals and conferences Proceedings. He is currently undertaking mega sponsored research projects from Ethiopian Science and Technology Ministry. He is the recipient of awards and honors such as Ph.D. scholarship award for the most topper student in MoU master program between India Institute of Technology Delhi and Addis Ababa University. He has also contributed to “Ethiopian Sugar Manufacturing Sector Roadmap”. He is an Excutive committee member of Ethiopian Society of Chemical Engineers and a member of Chemical Society of Ethiopia.
Tadelech Atomsa (PhD), Board member
Tadelech A. Keyeta is an experimental physicist specializing in Laser Spectroscopy. She received her PhD in Physics, Laser Spectroscopy, in 2011, MSc in Quantum Optics in 2003, and BSc in Physics in 2000 all from Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. She served as physics professor since 2004 teaching undergraduate and graduate physics courses. In addition to teaching, she served at different academic leadership positions and co-curricular activities such as summer and extension coordination, Ethiopian Physical Society Executive Committee, Graduate and department academic Committees. She conducted research and published research papers in journals on the applications of spectroscopy. Wrote books in modular form for physics courses such as Electricity and Magnetism (Phys 202); Quantum Mechanics (Phys 342); and Laser Physics (Phys 471). She received various academic honors and rewards including Faculty for the Future Fellowship Award in 2015/16 and 2016/17; Addis Ababa University Academic Achievement Award in 2014; Women in Success National Award 2014; Best Instructor of the Year Award in 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 from Students Council of the Natural Science College of Addis Ababa University; etc. She worked as a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Alberta in 2015/2016.Since September, 2016 she continued to work on similar research at North Carolina A &T University, USA. Her research interest mainly focuses in the area of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and its application in the detection of heavy metal contaminants in the environment, soil, and food products.
Bisrat Mikael (PhD), Board member
Bisrat graduated with M. Sc. in Pharmacy from National University of Pharmacy, Kharikiv(Ukraine), and obtained his Ph.D. in Pharmaceutics from Uppsala University, Sweden. He has an eMBA from Stockholm School of Economics. Bisrat has more than 25 years work experience in R&D of drug formulation development both at Swedish and global big pharma, biotech and start-up companies where he has had different roles from research scientist, managerial positions and CSO. Bisrat has 6 patents and patent applications.
Bikila Teklu Wodajo (PhD), Board member
Bikila Teklu Wodajo has a Ph.D. in civil engineering (with focus on Transportation), with over 15 years overall experience in civil engineering, both in the industry and academia. He has over 10 years of experience in industry-based projects, research, and teaching/training in the areas of transport, traffic and safety. His project experiences include project director, traffic engineer, transport engineer, and safety engineer positions in a number of projects involving traffic data collection and analysis, design of urban traffic control systems, urban traffic management, parking systems development, urban freight transport studies, regional public transport demand studies, airport feasibility and master plan studies, transport and logistics studies, travel demand studies, road network planning, highway feasibility studies and design, and traffic signs and markings manual preparation. Bikila has held leadership positions within the Addis Ababa Institute of Technology including his services as dean of the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, chairman of the Road and Transport Engineering stream, director of the Ethiopian Centre of Excellence in Freight Transport and Logistics (EthioLog), and head of Railway Engineering Centre. In addition, he has served in leadership positions in professional associations such as the Ethiopian Civil Engineers Association and ITS Society of Ethiopia. He teaches several graduate courses, advised over 20 MSc researches and served as examiner of numerous MSc works across Ethiopia.
DestaMilkessa Edessa (PhD), Board member
Desta obtained his BSc. Degree in Mechanical Engineering from Arba Minch University (Ethiopia) in 2007 and his first Master Degree from Indian Institute of Technology, in Mechanical Engineering with specialization in Machine Design Engineering in 2010. He also obtained an Integrated Second Double Master Degree from three European Universities (Liege University, Belgium; Ecole Central De Nantes, France; University of Rostock, Germany) in 2012. Up on successful completion of double Master Degree in Naval Architecture and Applied mechanics, he worked at University of Rostock (Germany) as a research associate on geometric healing and automatic mesh generation for two years. He then further extended the research topic into knowledge based reverse engineering and obtained his Doctoral Degree (Dr.-Ing.) from Rostock University in 2016. Since 2016, he is working in Lürssen Group (Germany) as a Design Engineer. He is a winner of three scholarships including Erasmus Mundus Scholarship.
Mulugeta Musie (PhD Candidate), Board member
Mulugeta Mussie is a Ph.D. candidate at Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Department of Hydrology. He obtained his M. Tech. degree in hydraulic/ hydropower Engineering and B.Sc. degree in Civil Engineering from Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ethiopia. Mulugeta has years of experience working on different construction projects as a site engineer, project engineer, and project manager with Building Engineering background. He also worked as a guest lecturer at various government institutes in Ethiopia. His research works focus on hydrological modeling, remote sensing and GIS application, Land use Land cover change impact assessment, climate change studies, and water resources management.
Techane Bosona (PhD),Board member
Techane Bosona graduated with B.SC. in Water Resources Engineering in 1996 from Arba Minch Water Technology Institute and received his MSc degree in Hydraulics/Hydropower Engineering in 2004 from Arba Minich University in Ethiopia. In 2013, he obtained his PhD in Technology from Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Sweden and his PhD study focused on Logistics and Supply Chain Management within agriculture and food sector. Currently he is a Post-Doctoral researcher at the same university in Sweden. He has experience in teaching and international research activities and published more than 20 high standard scientific papers in high-impact-factor journals. He has served as project leader and Chief Engineer of Oromia Water Works Enterprise during 2004 – 2006. He has also served as community organizer and served as chairman and secretory of oromo cummunity in Sweden. His research interest includes Logistics and Supply Chain design and management (Logistics audit analysis, Integration, coordination, optimization, product traceability, and food transport and distribution); Sustainable Development (engineering economic analysis, environmental assessment and resource management), and water resources and solid waste management.
Tadesse Kenea Amentae (PhD), Board member
Tadesse Kenea Amentae undertook his PhD education at the Department of Energy and Technology, SLU focusing on supply chain management and logistics in food sector. He holds a Master’s degree in Business Administration (MBA) from Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia and Licentiate degree in Technology from Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Sweden. Presently, he is serving Ambo University, Ethiopia, as Assistant Professor.
Asnaketch Woldetensaye (PhD), Board member
Asnaketch Woldetensaye (Agronomie Dr.) obtained MSc degree in Agronomy specializing on Soil Science and Soil Chemistry from Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow in 1986. Her Agronomie Dr. is in Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition and obtained from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in 1997. Currently Asnaketch is working as a Handling Officer at the Department of Rural Development, County Administrative Board of Uppsala, with responsibilities of evaluating investment applications from companies as well as lead capacity building projects within different environmental quality goals of Sweden including biodiversity and organic food production to farm and horticulture companies. She is also a subject matter expert and gives comments for different departments in the Government and the Swedish Board of Agriculture on policies and regulations concerning agriculture, environmental protection measures such as Zero Eutrophication, Reduced Climate Impact and a Non-Toxic Environment and water quality goals. She was responsible for five different environmental aid and regional compensation aid programs on the European Union subsidiary Program to farm companies. Beside her responsibilities in the evaluation of investment and subsidiary aid applications from companies, she inspected farm companies on spot for nine years. She also developed a multidisciplinary research program including economic value & promotion of Enset/Worqe products to agro-industry chain together with 5 different universities and is now working on securing funds.
Chala Abdisa (MD), Board member
Chala Abdisa has received his medical doctorate degree from Mekelle University. He has years of experience working as a general practitioner and medical director at Nekemte Hospital, lecturer at private medical colleges and Wollega University. He was also a lecturer and researcher at Adama Hospital Medical College. He is an active community organizer and human rights advocate. He currently resides in Stockholm, Sweden.
Teferi Lemecha (MD), Board member
Teferi Lemecha is a Medical Doctor and works as GP (general practitioner) dwelling in Sweden since 1983 after accomplishing his medical education at the Patrick Lumumba University in Moscow. After completion of the linguistic requirements and the medical subject examinations he joined the internship program and then went on specialization as a GP as it is required in Sweden concerning medical doctors. On concluding this process in 1993 he embarked on working as GP in different Swedish cities. On top of his professional duties he has been participating in Oromo societal activities since his time in USSR from 1970s.
Endale Wakjira (MSc.), Board member
Endale graduated with M.Sc. in Mining Engineering in 1979 at the University of Zagreb. In 1980 he joined Sandvik Company in Stockholm a Swedish company that supplies cutting tools and services to the metal cutting industry in. He served as production and process engineer in different levels. For the last fifteen years he served at the research department as a specialist for compaction of non metal powders which is used as cutting tools, which Sandvik is known as the leading in the world. He retired after 32 years service at the company.
Fufa Sorri (PhD), Board member
Fufa Sorri undertook his PhD education as well as his Licentiate degree (LD) in Technology from Swedish University of Agricultural Science SLU, Uppsala, Sweden. MSc degree in Physics from Addis Ababa University, BSc degree in Physics from Haromaya University, Diploma in physics from Bahir Dar University, and his Certificate in teaching from Nakemte Teachers Training Institute, Ethiopia. He has worked as a teacher, department head and unit coordinator in different schools and also as a Lecturer at Jimma Teachers college and currently works as a researcher and instructor at Ambo University.
Conference Sponsors
The Oromo Society of Science and Technology thanks the sponsors of the 2nd Annual Conference for sponsorship and believes.
Platinum level Sponsors
- Ambo University
- Arsi University
- Oromia Education bureau
- Oromia International Bank
- Samket Engineering and Construction PLC
- MCG Construction and Trading PLC
- TNT Construction and Trading PLC
Gold level sponsors
- Rift valley University
- Awash Insurance Company
Silver Level Sponsors
- Awash Bank
- Havarim Construction G.C
- Oromia Health Bureau
- Oromia Science and Technology Agency
- Waliif Health Care S.C
Others
- Waliif Education S.C
- Mr Obsa Negassa, Bona Construction
Ambo University
The root of the present day Ambo University as a learning institution can be traced back to 1946, when a Secondary Agricultural School was established by the Imperial Ministry of Agriculture and later became School of Forestry and then Institute of Agriculture. It then progressed to a degree offering institution affiliated to Jimma University in 2003, until it was granted an autonomous University College status by 12 March, 2008. It continued its undergraduate and graduate degree programs. Today there are more than 70 undergraduate and 50 postgraduate (46 Masters and 4 PhD) programs running in the fields of Natural and Social sciences, Agriculture, Health Science, Technology, Business and Education.
Currently the university offers teaching and research activities in four campuses; Ambo main campus, Guder campus, Ambo Technology campus (Awaro campus), and Woliso campus.
Arsi University
Arisi University (ArsiU) is among one of the new public universities which were established in September 2014 G.C. by decree of the Council of Ministers of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia number 803/2005. It is located in Oromia Regional state, Arsi Zone, in Asela town which is 175kms far from Addis Ababa to the South - East. Currently, including the new under construction campus, Arsi University has four campuses namely
The University organized itself in five colleges and one school within three campuses ;( Agriculture campus,) that includes Agriculture and environmental Science, Business and Economics, Educational & Behavioral Science and school of Law. College of Health Science campus that includes Health Science. Bokoji campus that includes college Social |Science & Humanities, These colleges enroll a total of 12, 887 students among which 8,815 male and 4,072female in different fields and specialization in both under graduate regular, post graduate in regular and CDE programs. Currently, the University encompasses 430 male, 57 Female, a total of 487 on job Instructors in deferent academic status. In addition 214 male 33 Female, a total of 247 staff are on study leave both locally and abroad.
Oromia Education Bureau
Ergama: Carraa barnootaa walgitiinsi, qulqullinnii fi ga’umsii isaa mirkanaa’e sagantaalee idilee fi Al-idileetiin babal’isuun dhaabbilee barnootaa keessatti aadaa Dimookraasii fi Bulchiinsa Gaarii dagaagsuun humna nama baratee hiyyummaa seenaa gochuu danda’u horachuu.
Mul’ata: Lammii baratee haaromsa eegalame itti fufsiisuun biyya keenya biyyoota galii giddu-galeessaa irraan ga’uu danda’an horatamee arguu.
Soonawwaan: Sagantaa misooma sektara barnootaa 5ffaa (SMSB-V) Naannoo keenyaan galmaa’an gahuuf, caasaaleen barnootaaa hundinuu sonaawwan armaan gadii gonfachuun irraa eegama.
- Quuqama /Responsible/
- Kutannoo /Commitment/
- Hirmaachisummaa /Participatory/
- Iftoomina /Transparency/
- Bu’a qabeessummaa /Effectiveness/
- Qulqullina /Quality/
- Fakkeenyummaa /Examplary/
Kalaqa /Innovation/
Hojiiwwan Gurguddoo BBO: Carraa Barnootaa Baball’isuu
- Barnoota idilee
- Barnoota Fedhii Addaa
- Barnoot galgalaa
- Barnoota Al-Idilee.
- Barnoota Filanno Addaa
- Barnoota Fagoo
- PMQB mirkaneessuu.
Oromia International Bank
Rift Valley University
Rift Valley University (RVU) was founded as a private Higher Learning Institution in Adama town in 2000 G.C. envisioning the realization of access to education by the provision of quality education to the Ethiopian society and Horn of Africa. Strategically, the university has been expanding to reach those geographically distanced part of our society by designing different learning modalities.
(RVU) currently runs TVET, First Degree and Second Degree programs under its three Faculties: Business and Social Sciences, Health, And Technology & Engineering. It’s well known by its customers for running its programs in its own buildings, providing adequate educational supplies, reaching its customers at their home villages, having well qualified instructors.
(RVU) has conducted Ten Annual National Conferences and published its proceedings. It aspires to become the center of excellence in Science and Technology by following new paradigms so that our students will be cherished with new knowledge by engaging themselves in creating and developing rigorous scientific knowledge and skills. It also invested on creating a prototype vehicle by one of its staff and exhibited on 9th Research Conference held in 2017 Hawassa Town.
Currently, (RVU) is planning to open its branch in Asmara, Eritrea, and this makes its oversee branches two with the one already operating in Hargessa, Somali. It is working hard to affiliate with Universities and Research Institutions abroad. Therefore, (RVU) takes this conference as an opportunity to extend its invitation to all interested Cross-border Universities and Research Institutions (Societies) to collaborate with.
Awash Bank
Baankiin Awaash mootummaan dargii kufee imaammatni dinagde sirna gabaa walabatiin erga labsamee booda abbooti aksiyoonii 486n kan hundeeffame dhunfa isa jalqabati.
Mul’ata: Adunyaarratti bankoota addaa duree ta’an keessa tokko ta’uun jalqabarratti filatama ta’uu
Ergama: Itti gaafatamummaa hawaasa bu’ura gochuun bu’a qabeessa, dorgommii fi ogummaarrati kan xiyyaafate, hawwaasa qaqqabu kan danda’u tajaajila baankii kennu.
Tajaajilawwaan Gurguddoo
- Herrega qusannaa adda addaa kennu
- Tajaajila liqii kennu
Tajaajila dhihootti jalqabaman
- Baankii Intarnetii
- Baankii Moobaayilaa
- Baaankii bakka bu’ummaa (Agent Banking)
Haverim Construction G.C
Oromia Health Bureau
Oromia public health infrastructures in the region, 79 hospitals, 1399 health centers, and 7090 health posts are currently operational. Moreover, there are 15 other hospitals (4 other governmental organizations-OGO, 4 Non-governmental Organizations-NGO and 7 Private), and 5 NGO health centers and 3149 different types of private clinics, 45 pharmacies, 371 drug stores and 550 rural drug vendors functioning in the region. Thus the potential health service coverage of the region in terms of health centers and Health posts were 95% and 96% for the year 2009 EFY respectively. With regard to human resource, there were a total of 70,220 health tax forces in the region out of this about 50000 were health professionals as of 2010 EFY.
Oromia Science and Technology Agency
Oromiya Science and Technology Development Agency (OSTDA) is established by proclamation number 199/2008 on July 13/2008 E.C. Five months later after the proclamation general director was appointed on November 16 2009 E.C.
Mission- Creating technology transfer framework that enables the region to build technology utilization capability through finding, learning, selecting, adapting, improving, using and avoiding obsolete technologies and assuring that the regional community benefited from its outcome.
Vision-To see Oromiya become capable to adapt and use appropriate technology to increase production and productivity in a scientific way assuring fast and sustainable economic growth that changes the life of the community by the end of 2025.
Waliif Health Care S.C
Waliif Health Care S.C is one of the six companies of Waliif Industries. It was established in May 2016 by our intellectuals for our people. Waliif Health Care S.C has now successfully accomplished its legal mandate and is a registered business firm in Addis Ababa city Administration.
As of May 30, 2018, the number of shareholders has grown to more than 4,217. To name a few, more than 213 are Medical Doctors (MD)/Specialists/Associate Professors, 107 Nurses, 56 Pharmacists, 15 Biomedical Engineers, 33 HO, 24 midwife, 26 Lab Technologists, 5 Anesthetist, 7 Radiologists are some of the shareholders